)", "US Soldiers in Korea Negative About Rotation to Middle East", "Foreign Teachers Unenthusiastic Over Culture Course", "Childbirths in S. Korea grow 5.7 pct in 2010", "South Korea's fertility rate is the lowest in the world", "S. Korea's childbirth tally drops to another historic low in October", "Fertility rate dips below 1 in 2018: official", Life expectancy at birth, total (years) |Data |Table, "South Korea Now Open For Foreign Students", "What the world can learn from the latest PISA test results", "South Korea: Kids, Stop Studying So Hard! [27] As a result, the Korean name "Daehan Minguk" is sometimes used by South Koreans as a metonym to refer to the Korean ethnicity (or "race") as a whole, rather than just the South Korean state. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea of Japan to the east. Dean Rusk and Charles H. Bonesteel III suggested the 38th parallel as the dividing line, as it placed Seoul under U.S. control. Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, noodles, tofu, vegetables, fish and meats. South Korea has won more medals in the Winter Olympics than any other Asian country, with a total of 45 (23 gold, 14 silver, and 8 bronze). [215] Widespread Christianization of the Koreans took place during State Shinto,[215] after its abolition, and then in the independent South Korea as the newly established military government supported Christianity and tried to utterly oust native Sindo. [157] Most South Koreans live in urban areas, because of rapid migration from the countryside during the country's quick economic expansion in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. According to the 2005 census, Seoul had a population of 10 million inhabitants. At the time, the Soviet Union had boycotted the United Nations (UN), thus forfeiting their veto rights. [28][27] Conversely, the official name of North Korea in English, the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea", is a direct translation of the Korean name. Roh went on to win the election by a narrow margin against the two main opposition leaders, Kim Dae-jung and Kim Young-sam. During the first 20 years of South Korea's growth surge, little effort was made to preserve the environment. yes South AFRICA is a sovereign state What contient is South. [255] Buddhism was introduced to Korea in the 4th century. [citation needed], The South Korean Navy has made its first major transformation into a blue-water navy through the formation of the Strategic Mobile Fleet, which includes a battle group of Chungmugong Yi Sun-sin class destroyers, Dokdo class amphibious assault ship, AIP-driven Type 214 submarines, and King Sejong the Great class destroyers, which is equipped with the latest baseline of Aegis fleet-defense system that allows the ships to track and destroy multiple cruise missiles and ballistic missiles simultaneously, forming an integral part of South Korea's indigenous missile defense umbrella against the North Korean military's missile threat.[268]. [235] Almost all South Korean students today learn English throughout their education, with some optionally choosing Japanese or Mandarin as well. Precise numbers are difficult since statistics do not record ethnicity and given many immigrants are ethnically Korean themselves, and some South Korean citizens are not ethnically Korean.[162]. This impediment to South Korea's indigenous nuclear industrial undertaking has sparked occasional diplomatic rows between the two allies. Following the Armistice, South Korea and the U.S. agreed to a "Mutual Defense Treaty", under which an attack on either party in the Pacific area would summon a response from both. [33][35] In 108 BCE, the Han dynasty defeated Wiman Joseon and installed four commanderies in the northern Korean peninsula. However, the Manchus took advantage of Joseon's war-weakened state and invaded in 1627 and 1637, and then went on to conquer the destabilized Ming dynasty. [393] Other Korean martial arts include Taekkyon, hapkido, Tang Soo Do, Kuk Sool Won, kumdo and subak.[394]. The Constitution went into effect on 1 January 1960. [231] On 27 May 2009, North Korean media declared that the Armistice is no longer valid because of the South Korean government's pledge to "definitely join" the Proliferation Security Initiative. [335] It was ranked 5th in the Global Innovation Index 2022, up from 10th in 2020 and 11st in 2019. and sharing the land border with North Korea and Jeju. [354] In 2009, the government announced plans to build robot-themed parks in Incheon and Masan with a mix of public and private funding. [287] It recorded the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990. South Koreans drink 13.7 shots of liquor per week on average and, of the 44 other countries analyzed, Russia, the Philippines, and Thailand follow.[368]. [254] Of the 1,412,800 vaccine doses,100%were donated through bilateral agreements. [302] There are also many heliports. Goguryeo, the largest and most powerful among them, was a highly militaristic state,[39] and competed with various Chinese dynasties during its 700 years of history. South Korea is unitary. [340], South Korea's government maintains a broad-ranging approach toward the regulation of specific online content and imposes a substantial level of censorship on election-related discourse and on many websites that the government deems subversive or socially harmful. [111] Meanwhile, South Korea and Japan jointly co-hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup. [152][153] In a further indication of South Korea's dramatic decline in fertility, in 2020 the country recorded more deaths than births, resulting in a population decline for the first time since modern records began. It remained the state religion in Later Silla (North South States Period) and Goryeo. South Korea elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The lack of a strong response to these attacks from both South Korea and the international community (the official UN report declined to explicitly name North Korea as the perpetrator for the Cheonan sinking) caused significant anger with the South Korean public. This often results in fewer opportunities for employment, improvement of one's socioeconomic position and prospects for marriage. This category comprises retirees who voluntarily choose to have additional benefits, individuals under the age of 27 without income, and individuals whose spouses are covered under a public welfare system, whether military, governmental, or private school teacher pensions. [99][100], On 25 June 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, sparking the Korean War, the Cold War's first major conflict, which continued until 1953. [141] One major challenge is air quality, with acid rain, sulfur oxides, and annual yellow dust storms being particular problems. During World WarII, more than 100,000 Koreans served in the Imperial Japanese Army. There are many official public holidays in South Korea. The Hyundai Research Institute reported that the Korean Wave has a direct impact in encouraging direct foreign investment back into the country through demand for products, and the tourism industry. After the war's end in 1953, the country entered into a military alliance with the U.S., and its devastated economy began to soar, recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990. [230] North and South Korea are still technically at war (having never signed a peace treaty after the Korean War) and share the world's most heavily fortified border. [102][103] In addition, virtually all of Korea's major cities were destroyed by the war.[104]. South Korea had the fastest internet connectivity globally in 2017. Under Japanese rule, the two names Han and Joseon coexisted. Political figures such as Kim Koo worked to reconcile the two governments even after the Korean War. [322] The national pension covers employees who work in firms that employ five or more employees, fishermen, farmers, and the self-employed in both rural and urban areas. The United States has stationed a substantial contingent of troops to defend South Korea. . [296], South Korea became a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1996.[297]. In 1979, General Chun Doo-hwan led the coup d'tat of December Twelfth. [326] Anyone who is not employed, of the age of 60 or above, or excluded by article 6 of the National Pension Act,[327] but is of the ages between 18 and 59, is covered under the individually insured pension scheme. Generals in the Japanese Army: a Chosun prince, whose rank was honorary and who commanded no troops; and Lt. Gen. Bang, Ha-Nam, Study of Korean Corporations Retirement Allowance Schemes, Korea Labor Institute, 1998. Since the government only controlled the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, the informal term "South Korea" was coined, becoming increasingly common in the Western world. South Korea hosted the Asian Games in 1986 (Seoul), 2002 (Busan), and 2014 (Incheon). foreign direct investment in the U.S. has nearly doubled since 2011 from $19.7 billion to $38.8 billion in 2016, making the R.O.K. After normalizing relations with the new Qing dynasty, Joseon experienced a nearly 200-year period of peace. The percentage of foreign nationals has been growing rapidly. Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, fourth most populous metropolitan area in the world, third-highest life expectancy in the world, with ethnic Koreans representing approximately 96%, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, second largest number of hospital beds per 1000 people, ranked 11th in the world for life expectancy, third highest health adjusted life expectancy, sinking of the South Korean warship Cheonan, generally regarded in South Korea as having been very negative, Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), over 23,000 troops stationed in South Korea, Republic of Korea-United States Free Trade Agreement, centralized intelligence gathering and analysis, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, market for nuclear enrichment facilities and refineries, History of science and technology in Korea, List of Korean inventions and discoveries, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 21 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity, 2011 IAAF World Championships in Athletics, "Foreign population in Korea tops 2.5 million", "World Economic Outlook Database April 2022", "The Korean Economy the Miracle on the Hangang River: Korea.net: The official website of the Republic of Korea", "Surfing the Korean Wave: How K-pop is taking over the world | The McGill Tribune", "1369MAPAS E ICONOGRAFIA DOS SCS. 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