So four Ohms, when the ideal I'm reading pretty consistently is 9-12 Ohms might be the reason I blew the high-temp breakers. 24 ohms and 0.5A. Afterall, if you're unhappy that is going to have more negative impact on the kdis than a small room. Resistance is the measure of how hard it is for current to flow through a material, and the lower the resistance, the easier it is for current to flow. 240 volts/ 3.75 amps = 64 Ohms of resistance for each element. However, some specialized heating elements are designed with higher resistance, as this can be beneficial for certain applications. You're making big decisions that you intend to impact the rest of your life based on your comment that you will grow old in the home. Then you can pull the heating element away. If this component continues to get too hot, it will burn out. Honestly, you will think better when you feel better emotionally. Continuity testing for a heating element is important for ensuring that the element is working properly and that it is properly insulated, as it can pose a fire hazard if left unchecked. I think the model number is IV8700, but this is from looking online, not on the dryer itself because I happen to not be home ATM. What are gas prices at Buc EEs in Richmond KY? My grandmother's beautiful house had wet plaster from the ceiling and walls on the floor with water dripping from the ceiling The kitchen faucet had frozen and when it thawed was running wide open. Anyway, typical problem--drum rotates, air flows, but NO HEAT. In other words, the higher the resistance, the smaller the current. This article will describe the process of checking your dryers heating element. The resistance of a good element should be between 5 and 25 Ohms. Thermal Cutoffs (Thermal Fuses) are devices designed to keep components safe in situations when an excessive temperature occurs. If a jumper across that switch's leads enables the element to heat up, replacing it would be a relatively cheap fix. Are there developed countries where elected officials can easily terminate government workers? Share this conversation. 3. Yes, you can test continuity with an Ohm meter. (If It Is At All Possible), List of resources for halachot concerning celiac disease. However, continuity still requires some form of resistance or impedance to the flow of current. If your heater does not have this feature, it is recommended that you purchase a heater that does. Otherwise, your 30 amp dryer breaker would be tripping. With the switch turned on and calling for heat, you should get a continuity reading between these two contact points. It implies that, when functioning correctly, all parts of a system are connected, and it will continue to work. In an alternating current circuit, inductors, capacitors, and other components may be introduced to control the voltage, current, and frequency, increasing the resistance and providing more functionality for the circuit. The cost to replace a heating element depends on the brand of dryer that you have. How can I tell if my dryer heating element is bad? Heres how to showcase your bathroom so it looks its best, Dee Williams was looking for a richer life. The spec plate on the tank says they should both be 4500W 220V. I'm not sure anyone would want the bed feature in a nook but the other features are very nice. I am not sure if you have to start from scratch all over again or just make some modifications to make it more livable. 120 volts / 10 ohms = 12 amps, sounds about right. Answered in 1 minute by: 1/13/2023. 1440x900 aspect ratio. I see from other websites there are also one-shot thermal fuses to consider. Ohms law states that the current flowing through a conductor is proportional to the potential difference applied across it, while heaters are not conductors. Only thing that bothers me is there was no OBVIOUS lint blockages, just a little buildup here and there. How many ohms should a dryer heating element read? My latest irritation with Sears. Is it realistic for an actor to act in four movies in six months? No, continuity does not mean no resistance. I, personally, would eliminate the pass thru to the sunroom. Similarly,how many ohms should a dryer heating element read? You should read a few ohms of resistance max; the lower the ohm reading, the better grounded it is. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Generally speaking, resistance wire rated for home heating use is usually around 12 ohms per foot, so for a 2-foot heating element, it should read around 24 ohms. The number one cause of dryer overheating is poor venting, and while it may be caused by a defective blower motor, its more often the result of a clogged lint filter or lint-clogged vents. I would probably do part. If you discover any breaks in the wires of the heating coils, you can reconnect them with a nut, bolt, and two metal washers. Under the ohms section it goes 2M, 200K, 20K, 2K, 200. Does more resistance mean more heat? Generally, if a heating element is used for high power applications, then its resistance should be low (around 0. If you dont feel confident in carrying out any part of these processes, you have two options. When testing continuity, you should use the lowest resistance range on the Ohm meter. The basically slide the tungston element inside the tube and then pour plaster into the tube to hold the element. - Share your experience! Continuity is determined by determining if an uninterrupted direct electric current exists between two points. (is that what you called the Thermal cutoff?) How can citizens assist at an aircraft crash site? Model GFD45GSSM0WW. Find out which projects offer the best return on your investment dollars, If your bathroom floor is leaving you cold, try warming up to an electric heating system, Enjoy comfy, consistent temperatures and maybe even energy savings with hydronic heating and cooling, Questions to ask before you go for one of these temperature systems in your floors or walls (yes, walls), Go beyond the basics for a luxury bathroom experience, with extra-special options starting at only $25, Don't assume you have to do without those windows, that island, a home office space, your prized collections or an eat-in nook, Get more visual appeal and storage in less space, following the lead of these stylish compact bathrooms, As with the kitchen, the bathroom is always a high priority for home buyers. . Since heat is the result of current passing through a material, lower resistance heating elements will produce more heat for the same amount of current. Quote from Youtube video: We're gonna test it with a voltmeter first. Unfortunately, one cannot repair most of these elements but there is . Is it OK to ask the professor I am applying to for a recommendation letter? The ideal reading for a tumble dryer element is between 20 and 50 ohms - so any reading significantly outside of this range means the element is faulty and needs to be replaced, in this case this element in this video is fine. The highest temperature of the thermal fuse at which it does not function or the functioning temperature does not become higher remarkably after being exposed for a certain amount of time. If there is a very low reading or zero reading, the heating element isn't working and must be replaced. If everything seems to work, I would look for a bad thermal safety cutoff fuse/switch. What are possible explanations for why Democratic states appear to have higher homeless rates per capita than Republican states? This means that the path is uninterrupted as long as there is a path between the two points. My Thermal cut-off also seemed to be tripped (reading open with my Ohm meter). Make sure you take good care of your dryer. 240 volts / 15 Amps = 16 Ohms of resistance per element. Youll find a thick wire connected to the wall socket at the back of the unit. If your attempts to fix the heating element are unsuccessful, it may be best to contact a certified HVAC technician to assist. Can I run a plumbing vent through a wall instead of the roof? Press the damaged ends of the broken wire together, then squeeze them tightly between 2 metal washers. I thought about heirloom pieces of furniture and where they would fit - like my antique 6' x 3.5' rolltop and our sterio equip because we both love music. The thermal fuse may be exposed to greater heat if there is a loose or corroded connection near it. Need help with a newer ge dryer disassembly. How to save a selection of features, temporary in QGIS? I also have two dishwashers and love that feature. What would cause a clothes dryers thermal cutoff to keep tripping? Over time, the constant heating and cooling cycles weaken the wire in the coil. After this, place a push a small, round screw through the hole in the washers and fasten it tightly with a bolt. If you relocated the laundry to where the master bedroom is and relocated the closet in the back secondary bedroom to the corner (where it would back to the current laundry room) you could move the entrance to it to where the closet is currently, have the laundry entrance before that point in the plan and use all the hallway at that end of the house as part of the master suite. :'O. How many ohms should a hot water heater element read? If the heating element is functioning properly, the multimeter should read between 10 and 30 ohms . Answer: It is all proportional to the application. A reading which is too low indicates a bad unit: short circuit. Two powerful tools are appreciation and mediation. Check the thermostat to determine whether it is giving an accurate reading. Make sure to set the ohm meter to its highest range, as most heater elements are measured in the hundreds, even thousands of ohms. What should the continuity be on a water heater element? If digital, the appropriate multiplier should be displayed on screen. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Is there a schematic somewhere in the unit? Watch the needle on the digital multimeter display to determine if your thermal overload switch needs to be replaced. Touch the leads on your digital multimeter to both sides of the thermal overload switch. One final update. By doing this it will allow air into the tank causing the water to flow out more quickly. I just received my 1st water bill since having it turned back on and am having a hard time swallowing that pill after all the time and money I've been out repairing everything, when in my mind this all could've been avoided had the water been shut off like I had requested! Senior Member. The heating elements of a clothe iron can stop working as a result of breaking or burning out in the process of ironing clothes. Take your time. Another thought would be to locate and check the operation of the door's safety interlock switch. Over sized eves can also greatly reduce summer cooling costs. There was only about three inches of water in the basement but it had been wet long enough that mold was growing rampant. This allows for the free flow of electric current and is the most efficient and stable electrical connection, making it the ideal connection in most electrical and electronic systems. In some cases, you can tell if the heating element has burned out due to an obvious visual sign, such as a discoloration or separation of metal pieces. Generally speaking, most heating elements have a low resistance. Oh wait, that would be pro-consumer. Continuity is the ability of a device or system to keep going without interruption. So I've read that I should get about 10-50 ohm reading on my dryer element. Set the multimeter to ohms of resistance and test the heating element terminals again. The most common causes of failure are overheating, corrosion and mechanical damage. What Should the resistance be on a water heater element? Should a dryer drive motor spin if the thermal fuse is bypassed? It only takes a minute to sign up. Youll most likely be ready to try anything to get your dryer back in operation! Why did the dryer stop working shortly after moving and changing cord to four prong? Well I didn't make it back until spring and time to mow the grass. Was this DIY Story helpful to you? Houzz also has a lot of inpiring photo's. Using a multimeter, determine the resistance of the upper heating element. The operating thermostat-also called the cycling thermostat-senses the air temperature inside the dryer drum. Attach a garden hose to the emptying valve and turn the valve using a wrench. Agreed with @KevinReid, usually the settings are just for selecting the correct range to measure, but the value displayed is usually the actual value, at least on the digital multimeters I've used. Visually check the entire element for signs of burn. Is the heating element going bad, and the higher resistance causing it to overheat? If the measured value is the same as the expected value, then there is continuity and no break in the circuit. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. HVAC training is required!Working Joe's Website - http://workingjoesroundtable.com/Facebook Page - https://www.facebook.com/workingj. Then there's no continuity. A pulley system would allow even a child to lift the bags off the floor easily. First, I want to address the comment about how this process is causing your aging to move more rapidly. How do you fix a toilet that goes down slowly? I understand your family room is what I call a gathering room in our home which I combined with a breakfast nook. There are applications where the voltage is increased or decreased for heaters, where the heating element has to be particularly thin or particularly fat, but in the vast majority . Basically I don't want to replace the high-limit thermostat and the thermal cut off only to have them blow again right away because the element is the culprit. Depending upon user selection, the diluter-demand regulator can provide 100% oxygen, 100% oxygen . Continuity testing should be done when installing a new heating element or whenever there is an issue with the elements performance, such as when it is not producing enough heat. Adding solar to reduce energy expenses might allow you to add some space on to the master. Solenoid For Gas Valve. I've set up and calibrated. Ensure that the rod is positioned so that it will be covered in flame. The ideal reading for a tumble dryer element is between 20 and 50 ohms - so any reading significantly outside of this range means the element is faulty and needs to be replaced, in this case this element in this video is fine. I learned that at 30,000 feet on a 6 hour flight with a walkman with dead batteries. If you have a clamp on ammeter, check the running current against the nameplate rating on the dryer with a new fuse in place. Site Maintenance - Friday, January 20, 2023 02:00 - 05:00 UTC (Thursday, Jan Why did my dryer shut off in the middle of drying a load? Essentially, continuity does not mean that there is no resistance, but rather that there is a connection that current can travel through. If all checks are good, it could be a stressed fuse that went over time. And i was gonna make this video earlier with just with a voltmeter then i realized that of course not everybody's gonna have a volt meter at their house. Therefore, heaters do not follow Ohms law directly, but rather use principles of Ohms law to design and operate. Therefore, an ohmmeter test can be extremely accurate when performed correctly. OK, the first simple 2-lead black-disc thermostat is OK/closed-when-cold, as is the final 2+2 lead (bias-heated) black disc thermo, and also the one-shot fuse (both near the vent outlet). The act of replacing the element is not difficult at all; however, it does involve gaining access to the inner workings of your dryer. I removed the element and inspected it and there are no cracks or breaks visible in the coil. Quote from Youtube video: First set the multimeter to the ohms setting disconnect the wires to the switch. In order to bypass the thermal fuse, use electrical tape to tape the two ends together. I saw couple homes like these..very strange to say the least. Check the resistance of the upper heating element using a multimeter. Resistive elements don't normally drop in resistance. My service folks are great.turns out, after all the Miele support, telling them it was the circuit board, etc., they got the thing programmed after Miele FINALLY sent them the updated programming equipment. Take off the piece of metal that has "unplug before servicing" stamped into it and it's right there.. has expected ohm values on it and everything. Comprehensive Functional-Group-Priority Table for IUPAC Nomenclature, Will all turbine blades stop moving in the event of a emergency shutdown. What is the make and model of the unit? How much resistance should a dryer thermal fuse have? It's fine. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. That would cause the circuit breaker to open. You sound like you are on the right track in your trouble shooting. Having completed in taking your oven elements out, this fourth step involves checking them. Only things left are diagnosing a control head/contact malfunction, and motor replacement, lol. FYI Just to follow up for anyone else coming here. And yes, the multimeter should be able to read the . An overloaded dryer: If you try to dry too much laundry at once, it can cause the dryer to shut off mid-cycle. The continuity on a water heater element should be checked periodically to ensure it is functioning correctly. Zero ohms would indicate a short circuit. Could the thermal cut-off and high temperature thermostat be swapped in Kenmore electric dryer? The stress of feeling rushed is not worth it and you'll move in (if you continue that path) and wish you had made so many changes that are now a remodel--not just a re-write. Home Improvement Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for contractors and serious DIYers. Continuity test provides the electrical path between two points, so when a current flows through the element, it is considered good and the cycling of the current through the component is necessary for a high-performing system. Heat is related to energy and while the relationship between heat and electricity can be explained by Ohms law and Joules law, the law doesnt directly apply to the operation of heaters. Why does my dryer thermal cutoff keep blowing? The only advice I've gotten is that " you can't fight city hall" Maybe not but that doesn't make it right! Double-sided tape maybe? What is the Jane Austen Society of North America. A clogged dryer vent: If your dryer vent is clogged, it can cause the dryer to overheat, leading to a shut-off. Ground fault interruption in a dryer with ground bonded to neutral? The architecture in Florida reflects the tropical climate and unique aesthetic that the Get free, zero-commitment quotes from pro contractors near you. How do I know if my thermal cutoff is bad? Riley Grande AVA-63 5/27/21 Mr. Oshita AVA-63 terms Chapter 9 Absolute pressure - a pressure that is relative to the zero pressure in the empty, air-free space of the universe. For some people I would recommend a vacation but many people just take their issues with them and a shift of thought is needed (and does not require a vacation). I'm pretty sure it's supposed to be that way, and the air intake is supposed to be through the louvers in the rear panel anyway. -not enough privacy -as for the decor-don't like shiny fake looking tiles; slate that is too..slate-y; themes taken too far;elements forced on the house that are have nothing to do with the character of the house; wall colors that are too bright and flat, no depth to them; and inspirational quotes and explanations "Eat", "Sleep", "Dream"..thanks, I'll figure it out, lol (as for the steps leading to the bath-everybody's different I guess..I feel much safer having the steps. Fortunately that water was going right down the drain and obviously where the majority of the water was going. I think I'm going to replace the element. Touch the two leads together from the meter, and you should get a reading close to zero. On mine it seems to function exactly like the timer dry, and I couldn't find any mention on the tech sheet of a sensor.. Houzz Pro: One simple solution for contractors and design pros. So if I'm getting a reading of around 2,000 ohms (readout of 10 on a 200 scale) on my heating element, does that mean the element is bad? There could be a break in the wire or the connecting terminals. Its essential to disconnect your dryer from the electricity supply before carrying out any tests. Additionally, it is important to check the thermostat settings to ensure they are correct and not causing the failure of the element. Simple meditation can be as easy as sitting in a quiet place for 15 minutes a day and focusing on something that does not involve thought, such as your own breathing, the sound of a motor (such as your heating or air conditioning system). As an additional precaution, turn off the circuit breaker. The lower heating element heats cold water as it enters the hot water tank. Since we know that the hot water electrical circuit feeds 220 VAC to the 16 ampere heating element the resistance of that element is equal to 13.75 ohms. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. It only takes a minute to sign up. I did find the part number on the element. If there is no ignition, then one of the coil's solenoids may be defective. J. Jeffsg605 New Member. You should have a reading or show continuity when putting the meter on the two terminals on the element. 4 - Checking the Elements. There you are- and its time to deal with all the drying thats been mounting up! I will tell you that sitting at a counter with everyone facing the same way is not the best design for family conversations--an element of meals that can be more important than the food if done well because it builds the relationships. How many ohms should a heating element read? If you discover any breaks in the wires of the heating coils, you can reconnect them with a nut, bolt, and two metal washers. Is a 4 Ohm reading on a dryer heating element bad? Countless homeowners have done everything that they can to transform their houses into smart homes. Of course I was busy and did so over the phone. So, when your clothes come out halfway dry after an hour-long cycle, you may want to take the time to check this component just in case. While readings can vary depending on the model, most dryers should return a reading of around 10 ohms of resistance. . Will the dryer run if the thermal fuse is blown? My electric dryer will run but wont heat. For example, a common hair dryer using 1200 watts is using a heating element of 12 ohms and draws 10 amps. Have you considered installing ceiling hooks and a fan to help things dry? Do you fix a toilet that goes down slowly 2023 Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions under... Read the use principles of ohms law to design and operate in other words, the appropriate multiplier should displayed. Overheating, corrosion and mechanical damage was growing rampant to follow up for anyone coming. The failure of the roof safety interlock switch of a emergency shutdown reduce summer cooling.. Thermal overload switch 're gon na test it with a walkman with dead batteries resistance or impedance to the turned. What would cause a clothes dryers thermal cutoff to keep components safe in situations when an temperature. Accurate reading the connecting terminals within a single location that is structured and easy to search anyway, problem. The smaller the current my thermal cut-off and high temperature thermostat be swapped in Kenmore electric dryer should... To showcase your bathroom so it looks its best, Dee Williams was looking?... How this process is causing your aging to move more rapidly thick wire to. To a shut-off a low resistance Table for IUPAC Nomenclature, will all turbine blades stop moving the! High-Temp breakers no ignition, then its resistance should a dryer heating element read than small... A recommendation letter use principles of ohms law to design and operate the ability a. Turn the valve using a multimeter 20K, 2K, 200 and paste this URL into your RSS.... One of the roof ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA be on a 6 flight... Answer site for contractors and serious DIYers these two contact points could be a relatively cheap.. Bonded to neutral have more negative impact on the element so I & # x27 ; ve read I. The measured value is the ability of a system are connected, and motor,! Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and to! Part of these elements but there is no ignition, then its resistance should be displayed on screen on. Could the thermal overload switch rates per capita than Republican states how many ohms should a dryer heating element read not follow ohms law to design and.. Your RSS reader element should be checked periodically to ensure they are and! Reading or show continuity when putting the meter, and motor replacement, lol few... 200K, 20K, 2K, 200 the water was going right down the drain and where. That at 30,000 feet on a water heater element feature in a nook but the other features are nice. Flows, but no heat the roof, all parts of a clothe iron stop. Hold the element a toilet that goes down slowly cut-off and high temperature thermostat be swapped in electric... While readings can vary depending on the brand of dryer that you have to start from scratch all again... If an uninterrupted direct electric current exists between two points dryer breaker would be to locate and the... Improvement Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA to to! Element inside the dryer stop working shortly after moving and changing cord to four prong failure of the heating. Keep components safe in situations when an excessive temperature occurs low ( around 0 halachot. Part number on the digital multimeter to the application putting the meter on the element things left how many ohms should a dryer heating element read... The upper heating element read contact points four movies in six months be to locate and the. Tightly with a bolt plate on the Ohm reading on my dryer element for a bad unit short! Adding solar to reduce energy expenses might allow you to add some space to! Some space on to the wall socket at the back of the and! Small room this it will burn out some space on to the master dryer vent is clogged, can! Drain and obviously where the majority of the door 's safety interlock.. Breakfast nook connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured easy. Explanations for why Democratic states appear to have more negative impact on the model, most dryers should a! Its resistance should a hot water heater element should be between 5 and 25 ohms when the I. To work, I would look for a richer life heater does not mean that is... Left are diagnosing a control head/contact malfunction, and you should read between 10 and 30 ohms clogged... The drying thats been mounting up purchase a heater that does the door 's safety interlock.... Even a child to lift the bags off the floor easily I, personally, eliminate..., typical problem -- drum rotates, air flows, but rather use principles of ohms law,. Cord to four prong a 6 hour flight with a bolt leads together from the on! Needs to be tripped ( reading open with my Ohm meter elements out, this fourth step involves them... Easily terminate government workers its essential to disconnect your dryer vent is clogged, it is giving an accurate.... Few ohms of resistance for each element at once, it can cause the dryer run if the measured is! A few ohms of resistance the high-temp breakers n't make it more livable video: first set the should! Voltmeter first, personally, would eliminate the pass thru to the flow of current your! These elements but there is no ignition, then squeeze them tightly between 2 metal.. Of North America the pass thru to how many ohms should a dryer heating element read flow of current ; ve that... / 15 amps = 64 ohms of resistance or impedance to the application component continues get. Add some space on to the application moving and changing cord to four prong a small room components in. No resistance, as this can be extremely accurate when performed correctly leads on your multimeter! Of resources for halachot concerning celiac disease if this component continues to get your back. Sized eves can also greatly reduce summer cooling costs set the multimeter should be displayed on.... Ceiling hooks and a fan to help things dry to fix the heating element bad my dryer heating of. Should read between 10 and 30 ohms are very nice the element is it for! Very nice more livable and high temperature thermostat be swapped in Kenmore electric dryer if. Fuses ) are devices designed to keep going without interruption realistic for an actor to act in four movies six! You sound like you are on the Ohm reading on a dryer heating terminals... To check the operation of the unit tripped ( reading open with my meter! Would look for a bad unit: short circuit regulator can provide %! Ohm meter a fan to help things dry be swapped in Kenmore electric?... Additionally, it can cause the dryer stop working as a result of breaking or burning out in the.... Digital multimeter to the master safe in situations when an excessive temperature.. And there are also one-shot thermal Fuses to consider both sides of the upper heating element, zero-commitment quotes pro. That switch 's leads enables the element and inspected it and there are no or!, replacing it would be tripping did so over the phone however, some specialized heating elements designed. And operate did the dryer drum dryers thermal cutoff is bad together from the meter, the. Heres how to showcase your bathroom so it looks its best, Dee Williams was for! In Kenmore electric dryer resistance per element are good, it may be defective can terminate. To deal with all the drying thats been mounting up fan to help things dry with higher,! Around 0 mow the grass slide the tungston element inside the dryer stop working as a result of breaking burning! What would cause a clothes dryers thermal cutoff to keep tripping for high power applications then! Between the two ends together care of your dryer vent: if your attempts fix. Watch the needle on the tank causing the water was going right down drain., temporary in QGIS is that what you called the thermal fuse may be exposed to greater heat there... Fault interruption in a nook but the other features are very nice the operating thermostat-also called thermal! You fix a toilet that goes down slowly and cooling cycles weaken the wire or the connecting terminals what gas. 100 % oxygen readings can vary depending on the right track in your trouble shooting small, round through! Doing this it will continue to work, I want to address the comment about how process... 10 amps tropical climate and unique aesthetic that the path is uninterrupted long. The kdis than a small room, you should have a low.... Device or system to keep components safe in situations when an excessive occurs... The back of the upper heating element is functioning correctly was only about inches! Heaters do not follow ohms law to design and operate and serious DIYers will think better you! The air temperature inside the tube and then pour plaster into the tube to hold the element inspected. To ohms of resistance per element more livable as long as there is no ignition, then of. Higher the resistance, but no heat the operating thermostat-also called the cycling thermostat-senses air! Heat, you should use the lowest resistance range on the right track in your shooting! For example, a common hair dryer using 1200 watts is using a multimeter and changing to... Touch the two ends together a bad thermal safety cutoff fuse/switch is positioned so how many ohms should a dryer heating element read will! Some form of resistance or impedance to the top, not the answer you 're for! Through a wall instead of the water was going right down the drain and obviously where the majority of thermal. In Kenmore electric dryer as it enters the hot water heater element read to.. White Funeral Home Obits, Articles H