Turkish is a Turkic language belonging to the Altaic language family, whereas Persian is an Indo-Iranian language belonging to the Indo-European language family. They were the core of a movement which became known as the "national literature.". The five long poems, known collectively as the Khamsa (Quintet) or Panj Ganj (Five Treasures), composed by Nizami in the late twelfth century, set new standards in their own time for elegance of expression, richness of characterization, and narrative sophistication. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. Persian art or Iranian art has one of the richest art heritages in world history. [] The major centers of Islam in the late medieval and early modern periods, the centers of both political and cultural power, such as India, Central Asia, Iran, Turkey, were all part of this Iranian civilization. First Ziraat Bank Headquarters (192529) in Ankara designed by Giulio Mongeri is an important symbol of the First National Architectural Movement. interpreted as divine light, indicating the presence of God. [15], The Turco-Persian Islamic culture that emerged under the Persianate Samanids, Ghaznavids, and Kara-Khanids was carried by succeeding dynasties into Western and Southern Asia, in particular, by the Seljuks (1040-1118), and their successor states, who presided over Persia, Syria, and Anatolia until the thirteenth century, and by the Ghaznavids, who in the same period dominated Greater Khorasan and most of present-day Pakistan. However, in informal relations, the social life of its inhabitants remained unaltered. The southeastUrfa, Gaziantep and Adanais famous for its kebabs, mezes and dough-based desserts such as baklava, kadayf and knefe. Other forms of art in Persian Culture are: Prior to the foundation of Islam in Iran, Persians are noted for the development of one of the oldest monotheistic religions, Zoroastrianism. [26] The Safavids introduced Shiism into Persia to distinguish Persian society from the Ottoman, their Sunni rivals to the west.[5]. The domed architectural style evolved from Bursa and Edirne. Broadly, there were three primary literary movements during this period: the Edebiyyt- Cedde (New Literature) movement; the Fecr-i t (Dawn of the Future) movement; and the Mill Edebiyyt (National Literature) movement. The complex ideas around non-Arabs in the Muslim world[11][12] lead to debates and changing attitudes that can be seen in numerous Arabic, Persian and Turkic writings before the Mongol expansion. [10] The appearance of New Persian, ascendancy of Turks to power in place of the Persian Samanids, rise of the non-Arabic ulama in the cities, and development of ethnically and confessionally complex urban society marked an emergence of a new Turco-Persian Islamic culture. The new rhetoric of public ideals captured interest of peoples throughout Islamic world, including the area where in public affairs Turco-Persian culture once was prominent. Farsi, the official language of Iran, is historically one of the most prominent languages of the Middle East and extended regions. [3], In subsequent centuries, the Turco-Persian culture was carried on further by conquering peoples to neighbouring regions, eventually becoming the predominant culture of the ruling and elite classes of South Asia, Central Asia and the Tarim Basin, and large parts of West Asia. There has been a good deal of intermarriage, especially among Sunni Muslims with different ethnic backgrounds. Among these are the Fatih Mosque (1470), Mahmut Paa Mosque, the tiled palace and Topkap Palace. Turkic political ascendancy in the Samanid period in the tenth and eleventh centuries resulted in the fall of Samanid ruling institution to its Turkic generals; and in a rise of Turkic pastoralists in the countryside. [3] The Second World War was a period of isolation, during which the Second National Architectural Movement emerged. "The work of Iranians can be seen in every field of cultural endeavor, including Arabic poetry, to which poets of Iranian origin composing their poems in Arabic made a very significant contribution. The confusion between the two ethnicities seems to arise from their shared religion of Islam. The rise of Turks in Samanid times brought a loss of Samanid southern territories to one of their Mamluks, who were governing on their behalf. The Seljuks subsequently gave rise to the Sultanate of Rum in Anatolia, while taking their thoroughly Persianised identity with them, giving it an even more profound and noted history there. Persia and Central Asia became a heartland of Persianate language and culture. Raimondo Tommaso D'Aronco and Alexander Vallaury were the leading architects of the time. Berlinale: 54th Berlin International Film Festival. The eastern lands of the Caliphate were ethnically and religiously very diverse. International wrestling styles governed by FILA such as Freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling are also popular, with many European, World and Olympic championship titles won by Turkish wrestlers both individually and as a national team. [9] This was the second time a Turkish film wins the award; first one being Susuz Yaz by Metin Erksan in 1964. The Ottoman system was a multi-ethnic state that enabled people within it not to mix with each other and thereby retain separate ethnic and religious identities within the empire (albeit with a dominant Turkish and Southern European ruling class). His other works are: Diwan, Asrar Nameh, Musibat Nameh, Elahi Nameh, Jawaher Nameh and Sharh ul Ghalb. It is often called the "Seljuk Baroque portal." Most of the roots of modern Turkish literature were formed between the years 1896 and 1923. Persian poetry is some of the most beautiful poetry in the world and the Persians cultivated four unique types of poetry; the epic, the ghasideh a purpose poem, the masnavi a narrative poem, and the ghazal a lyrical poem. turkey - persian culture stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. The pop up said something about adopting values of the persians. (Apr., 1976), pp. [20] The Alai era saw the overthrow of the old nobility of early Mamluk rule. Calligraphy is the art of forming beautiful symbols with letters by using a set of skills and techniques for positioning and inscribing words so they are in harmony. Shahnameh is the worlds longest epic poem written by a single poet. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the Turco-Persian empires weakened by the Europeans' discovery of a sea route to India, and introduction of hand guns, which gave the horsemen of the pastoral societies greater fighting capability. First established under Seljuqs, these schools became means of uniting Sunni ulama which legitimized the rule of the Sultans. Nezami is considered the greatest romantic epic poet in Persian literature. One can see how the later monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have taken many of their teachings from this religion. The art of ancient Persia includes architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking and sculpture from the early kingdom of Iran in southwest Asia. Counties will have lowered popular opinion with their direct Liege if they belong to a different culture and especially heritage. Its palette of blues, greens and white is cool . By the latter part of the tenth century, Samanid rulers gave the command of their army to Turkic generals. Behzad is the most famous of Persian miniature painters. They patronized literature and music, but became especially notable for their architecture, because their builders drew from Muslim world architecture to produce a profusion of mosques, palaces, and tombs unmatched in any other Islamic country. The Nation's Library of the Presidency, Ankara, Turkish film directors have won numerous prestigious awards in the recent years. The culture represents the customs and technologies that a character or county uses. Major examples are the Nur-u Osmaniye Mosque, Zeynep Sultan Mosque, Laleli Mosque, Fatih Tomb, Laleli ukureme Inn, Birgi akraa Mansion, Aynalkavak Palace, and the Selimiye Barracks. However, it was about this time when the construction on the Ishak Pasha Palace (16851784) in Eastern Anatolia was going on. Accordingly, the magazine's literary ventures, under the direction of the poet Tevfik Fikret, were geared towards creating a Western-style "high art" in Turkey. Ottoman Turkey grew more like its Arab Muslim neighbors in West Asia; India developed a South Asian style of Indo-Persian[28][29] culture; and Central Asia, which gradually grew more isolated, changed relatively little. persian warriors in line - persian culture stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images . [13], The Perso-Islamic tradition was a tradition where the Turkic groups played an important role in its military and political success while the culture raised both by and under the influence of Muslims used Persian as its cultural vehicle. Islam is not a nation, nor is it an ethnic group. The short poems of the Rubaiyat illustrate the pleasures of life while illuminating the nuanced political and religious context in which they were created. In June 2004, Mehmet Okur won the 2004 NBA Championship with the Detroit Pistons, becoming the first Turkish player to win an NBA title. The name of specialities sometimes includes the name of a city or a region (either in Turkey or outside). It was during this period that Baroque-style mosques were starting to be constructed. Cultural affairs were marked by characteristic pattern of language use: New Persian was the language of state affairs and literature; New Persian and Arabic the languages of scholarship; Arabic the language of adjudication; and Turkic the language of the military.[16]. [citation needed], In the ninth century a new Persian language emerged as the idiom of administration and literature. The Tanzimat reforms of 18391876 brought changes to the language of Ottoman written literature and introduced previously unknown Western genres, primarily the novel and the short story. The Persian carpet is considered to be the finest in its own category. As with many Ottoman Turkish art forms, the poetry produced for the Ottoman court circle had a strong influence from classical Persian traditions; [citation needed] a large number of Persian loanwords entered the literary language, and Persian metres and forms (such as those of Ghazal) were used.. By the 19th century and the era of Tanzimat reforms, the influence of Turkish folk literature . Attar was one of the most ancient and highly revered poets of Persia. Orhan Pamuk, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature, is among the innovative novelists, whose works show the influence of postmodernism and magic realism. The vast majority of Divan poetry was lyric in nature: either ghazals or qasidas. The authors were Orhan Veli Kank (19141950), Melih Cevdet Anday (19152002), and Oktay Rifat (19141988). The state accepts all citizens as Turks. One favorite is Norooz, a celebration of the Iranian New Year taking place on the Spring Equinox. The buildings constructed in Istanbul during the period between the Turkish conquest of the city in 1453 and the construction of the Istanbul Bayezid II Mosque are also considered works of the early period. From here it emerged again in Italy, and later grew in popularity among the Turks during the Ottoman era. [2] It is known as Bride of the Calligraphy Scripts. [23] The cuisines of the Aegean, Marmara and Mediterranean regions display basic characteristics of Mediterranean cuisine as they are rich in vegetables, herbs and fish. The Turks were part of a powerful military empire that unified the region under a Middle Eastern religion called Islam, playing a major role in the spread of Muslim culture leading up to the. Mahmud of Ghazni ruled over southeastern extremities of Samanid territories from the city of Ghazni. Just as the Garip movement was a reaction against earlier poetry, soin the 1950s and afterwardswas there a reaction against the Garip movement. They are stone carvings, brick work, stucco and tile panels. This trend culminated in the 1932 novel Yaban (The Wilds) by Yakup Kadri Karaosmanolu. This was also the first time since the 19th century that Turkish literature was escaping from Western influence and began to mix Western forms with other forms. In India, the Mughal Empire decayed into warring states. Poetry is the most dominant form of literature in modern Turkey. I was playing as the duke (can't remember how to spell turkish equivalent) of Hormuz, and I noticed the sultan of Persia had an event where he turned persian from being turkish. Bukhara and Samarkand swelled and formed ethnic and sectarian neighborhoods, most of them surrounded by walls, each with its own markets, caravansaraies, and public squares. In the Kara-Khanid Khanate formed an ethnically and dogmatically diverse society. The Hac zbek Mosque (1333) in znik, the first important center of Ottoman art, is the first example of an Ottoman single-domed mosque. It can be observed that various regions of the Ottoman Empire contain bits and pieces of the vast Ottoman dishes. It was this Persian Islam, rather than the original Arab Islam, that was brought to new areas and new peoples: to the Turks, first in Central Asia and then in the Middle East in the country which came to be called Turkey, and of course to India. The origins of the First Turkic Khaganate is associated with Iranian elements. 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