While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet KGB and NKVD from the early 1930s until 1963, when he defected to Moscow. Getty Images In the USSR, Philby essentially became an honorary pensioner: he passed on to Soviet intelligence everything he. The spy novelist, whose latest book tells the story of her grandfather Kim Philby and the Soviet agent Edith Tudor-Hart, talks about the perils of writing about family, and why female spies get overlooked. To order a copy for 15, visit mailshop.co.uk/ books or call 0844 571 0640. I feel as if I have been through some form of therapy, Ive purged these questions in a way. So, perhaps, by the time he died, a year before the fall of the Berlin Wall and knowing what he must have known by then he did feel disappointed. But the place where Kims presence looms largest from every corner is in his study. You should have seen his face.". "Once, a big group of us were on a trip on the Volga: Kim and I and, of course, his KGB escort, and the escort's daughter. 1925Attends Westminster School in London. Melinda Maclean. As I walk towards it, the title of the Anthony Trollope novel jumps out at me: He Knew He Was Right. Donald Maclean pictured in 1937 while on a skiing holiday - in the Soviet Union he and Guy Burgess described themselves as political refugee, not spies, Donald Maclean with his daughter Mimsie near their country home in England - in the Soviet Union he assumed a new identity, chosing to be Mark Petrovich Frazer (after the Cambridge anthropologist Sir James Frazer), Donald Maclean, aged four, can be seen on the right of this picture on the right of this picture. He was 65. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. Kim Philby, British intelligence officer and member of the Cambridge Five, defected to the Soviet Union in 1963. In 1951, Kim tipped off his fellow Cambridge spy Donald Maclean that Britain had caught wind of Macleans spying activities and a warrant had been issued for his arrest. But her latest article contains several interesting anecdotes, including an episode at Moscows Sheremetyevo International Airport, when Soviet airport staff scrambled frantically to work around the fact that they had accidentally scheduled [the Philbys, who were returning from visiting Kim,] on the same flight back to London as the British ambassador, who was wafting around the terminal in a pinstripe suit. While a student at the University of Cambridge, Philby became a communist and in 1933 a Soviet agent. A retired CIA agent was once asked what he would say to Kim Philby, an MI5 agent who spied for Joseph Stalin, if he encountered the defector in Moscow. The Macleans lived well, housed in a smart building overlooking the river, in a splendid six-room flat which they gradually filled with bric--brac and furniture shipped from home. Exposure showed me along with William Boyds Restless how you can write a novel that is ostensibly a spy story but is really about the people, and the families, at the heart of a great betrayal. For one thing, like all the men in the Philby family, he was bloody-minded. And if a soldier is fighting for a cause he believes in, which he believes is worth sacrificing single human lives for, but then in the end his side loses the war, does that mean that he was wrong to have stood up and fought in the first place? 1941Transferred to SIS Iberian sub-section. Did your father, John, talk about his father?We never had a family meeting where he said: Right, Im going to explain to you who your grandfather was. That was not at all the kind of person he was. Who is going to check 55 volumes for the odd sentence? And while on holiday in Majorca, she gave away a lot of her clothes to the maid of a family she was staying with. In the intervening years, there have been endless attempts to understand how this gregarious, public-school educated English chap and his fellow Cambridge spies Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean, Anthony Blunt and John Cairncross could have been persuaded to betray their country, and dupe their family and their friends. He said, 'Why do old people live so badly here? The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. They're at it again! They took the train to Zurich, where they changed trains to Schwarzach in Austria. Lets have another drink on it, old man. Good old Kim. I would like to have drawn Bennett further on his comments, but unfortunately, when I contacted his agent to request a meeting, my invitation was declined. In 1955, Harold Macmillan, then Foreign Secretary, issued a statement confirming that there was no evidence that Kim Philby was a Soviet agent. Today, Moscows main strip, Tverskaya Ryad which I remember from childhood holidays as a drab grey stretch clotted with queues of people who looked like they didnt know what they were waiting for (though it was usually oranges or ice cream) is barely recognisable: a knot of designer stores and mobile-phone shops, interspersed with garish billboards hanging between the buildings above the busy main road. It had been a long time coming. "It was winter and we were going out for a walk and I found one of my boots had disappeared. En route, I pass some of Kims old haunts, and heeding his advice to visitors If you can no longer feel your nose, go inside stop off briefly for coffee at that famous Soviet hangout the Hotel Metropole. The only change I can note is a computer on his desk where an old type-writer once stood. 21 offers from $10.67. The little blue pill really is magic! Having secured Kims first meeting with the Western press since his arrival in Moscow, Sayle says he finds him a courteous man [who] smiles a great deal, and his well-cut grey hair and ruddy complexion suggests vitality and enjoyment of life. At the sight of our car, the men leap from their posts, saluting and buzzing the electric gates; one jumps into the front seat and calls out instructions as we roll off again. But neither was entirely impervious. Later, I notice the same sign above a statue of Lenin near the former KGB headquarters. I am a private person and a political person. Hed been worried about leaving her and their children to carry on without him, but shed given him the all-clear to go. death death: 1988-05-11. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. He became more optimistic once the family was deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to Moscow in 1955. Today, standing at last at his final resting place, surrounded by ex-prime ministers and national heroes in an isolated cemetery on the outskirts of Moscow, with two perfect strangers looming behind me, Im once again reminded of quite how different he was. Online calculator reveals how inflation-busting 14.4% hike will Do not sell or share my personal information. Later she became a journalist at the Independent. In 1983, a month or so after my parents took me as a newborn to meet him for the first time, Kim sent a copy of Lenins On the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, with a long, beautifully written letter to my maternal grandfather, whom he was unlikely ever to meet. children: John David Philby Josephine F. Philby Dudley Thomas Philby Miranda Philby Harry George Philby Birth. There have been endless attempts to understand how this gregarious, public-school educated English chap and his fellow Cambridge spies could have been persuaded to betray their country, and dupe their family and their friends. He had got afraid that I would leave, and hidden the boot.". When the news broke in Britain that she, too, had defected, the Press rounded on Melinda, turning the pathetic and lonely figure theyd previously portrayed her as into a scheming deceiver. Philby is summoned for interrogation and asked to resign from Foreign Service. The first reports that Russia ranks 143rd in a list of the worlds freest economies, just one spot higher than countries with repressed economies like Vietnam, Ecuador, Belarus and Ukraine, while the next tells how oligarch Roman Abramovich, whose wealth is valued at 7 billion, has just snapped up 35 notable artworks to decorate his 560ft private yacht. The KGB's only object in the world is to destroy me and the agency. He believed in freedom of speech and thought that Stalinism and all that were temporary and obviously, the outcome proved otherwise. Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files UK government launched campaign to block memoirs being published fearing damaging disclosures Kim Philby had been secretly. He feared that she would dump him because he was just a boring official in the British diplomatic service so to make myself look better and more important, I told her the reason why I led such a life. Little Donald said perhaps he had gone to India because that would be a good place to hide., Donald Maclean with his wife Melinda Marling and his two sons Ronald and Fergus in the 50s, Wanted pictures are posted at a Berlin checkpoint for Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, Guy Burgess (pictured) did not cope well to life in the Soviet Union - he got drunk and roamed Kuybyshev looking for action, on one occasion having his teeth knocked out in a brawl. After five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends. He didnt seem to mind that their marriage was over. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. He needed a secret sharer in his life as well as someone to admire him. Given all that Melinda had gone through, the pity she had had to accept and the dissembling she had had to practise, that first meeting overseen by Soviet officials was a strained affair. But no matter; allowing myself plenty of time to get lost, Im soon heading towards the apartment where my grandfather lived out the final 25 years of his life under the watchful eye of Moscow and where his widow Rufa is currently preparing an enormous spread for our afternoon tea. Occasionally, the driver would draw a curtain around the inside of the windows, and attach a flashing blue light to the roof before setting off. A few days after her return to Switzerland, she told her mother she had run into an old friend in the local market and hed invited her and the children to stay with him for the weekend in his villa at the other end of Lake Geneva. The Soviet authorities buried him with honors when he died in 1988. A Double Life: The Times & Observers Thriller of the Month. He got himself a job teaching English in a school. But that didnt mean the ideal itself was corrupt or not worth pursuing. ", Pukhova, now 78, said she was irritated by stories about Philby's drink problem, but admitted he wasn't always able to stick to his two-glass rule. The view from one of the windows is notably different, too. Kim Philby and Nicholas Elliott. His father had a distinguished past as an explorer and fixer for the region's movers and shakers, and any intelligence Kim could pick up through his father's outstanding contacts would be useful to the bosses in . Maclean accused Philby of being a double agent working for the British and they stopped speaking. Philby still dismissed from Foreign Service for his association with Burgess. Where do you write?I wrote Edith and Kim all over the place because weve been in the process of moving house for the past couple of years, but now I have a shed at the bottom of our garden where I can feel Im in the middle of nowhere, and Im never leaving! Everything has seen better days. I am learning more about my family everyday.. . But above all, the problem was that Kims intelligence was too good, and to their detriment intelligence services are geared to believe that the better information is, the more it should be questioned. Kim Philby was born on January 1, 1912 in Ambala, Punjab, British India [now Haryana, India]. His eldest son was my father, John who was himself a 19-year-old art student in 1963 when he first learnt of Kims espionage; stepping off a ferry on the Isle of Wight, he was met by a billboard stating that Kim was a wanted man. When author Charlotte Philby's partner ended their relationship, her world fell apart. The pair got on well in those later years they were very similar in many ways and my father said he never felt any resentment, not even when he unfairly came under fire by virtue of his name. Without a word, he steps out in his long dark trench coat and buffed-leather shoes, opening the back door for me to follow. But Maclean sobered up and went cold turkey in a detoxification clinic. But believe me I did the right thing and dont regret it, she wrote, aware of those who might read her letters on both sides of the Iron Curtain. However, Pukhova said the fear that she would leave had helped her husband temper his intake in later years. Next to articles about him online, readers routinely describe him as evil and a cancer on society. He did all he could do for a cause he believed in: what was there to regret? He was able to order new books from Bowes & Bowes bookshop in Cambridge, who checked with MI5 whether they should be supplying him. This is the first time Ive ever stood at the foot of my grandfathers grave, but I know it instantly. As well as being my grandfather whom I remember from childhood trips to Russia as a funny old man with a beaming smile, who dressed almost exclusively in white vests and braces Kim Philby, to this day, remains one of the most significant double agents in modern history. 1946Moves to Turkey, working as head of SIS there. Rather than angrily confront Philby, the American stated he would ask with considerable satisfaction, "How do . 1937Joins The Times as foreign correspondent. I turn left, according to my map, away from Kims local grocery, where a creature of habit hed collect his daily supply of bread and whatever fruit and vegetables were available. But at the famous Secret Trial in 1952, he convinced his MI5 interrogator Buster Milmo that he was not a Soviet agent. They met each other socially but soon fell out. Here, surrounded by an extensive library, he would sit for hours. She was an object of both pity and fascination, and to get away from it all, she moved from their house on the Kent-Surrey border to Switzerland, with her mother. Kims library, which he had shipped over soon after he emerged in the Soviet Union, is testimony to his complexities and to his contradictions: across four walls of bookshelves, Russian classics and key Communist texts stand side by side with Raymond Chandler and PG Wodehouse novels; there are 19 volumes of Cambridge Modern History and a Sherlock Holmes scrapbook. He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. Just Stop Oil protester avoids jail after moaning that he had 'ruined his life' and damaged his relationship Millionaire businessman, 44, found with 10,000 worth of magic mushrooms growing in bathroom of his home in Was it all for the cameras? Eleanor found Melinda amusing but nervous and highly strung and yearning for the luxuries of Western capitalism. 58. "His story does not really go away, because there is. Perhaps. When I asked my dad, shortly before he died late last year, how hed felt about his own fathers betrayal, he told me exactly what Kim had told Sayle during that interview in 1963: To betray, you must first belong. And as Kim said himself: I never belonged. My dad always had great respect for my grandfather; he told me that even when he was a child, he always knew he was up to something he just didnt know what. For another, hed made his bed. So Philby left his wife and children in England in September 1956, arriving in a country for which he had little natural sympathy. But more generally womens roles in espionage have been sidelined, and I wonder if thats because a lot of this history has been recorded by men. Elegant Princess of Wales is all smiles as she plays with children on visit to a nursery amid backlash over Thrifty Kate strikes again! Kim was not nave; he knew that his ideal, like any other, was susceptible to corruption. Jeremy Hunt is mocked over toe-curling 'inflation explainer' video by ordering How much will YOUR broadband go up in price? She put the two boys into the International School in Geneva and finally explained to them what had happened to their father, reporting to her sister that their worst fear seems to be that I might vanish too. But even then, having made calculated decisions based on deeply-felt political ideals, I still dont think he would have done things any differently. Prince Albert of Monaco is the first Euro monarch to confirm he and his wife Keep calm and carry on! Youve written three previous novels about espionage and betrayal did you need to approach that world obliquely before tackling Kims story?I was adamant that I didnt want to write about Kim because ironically I didnt want to define myself through his life. She liked it that he was a man with strong beliefs, and agreed to stand by him. What are you writing next?After publishing four novels in four years, Im taking more time to write the next one. In his diary for the London Review of Books, Bennett wrote: Philby does seem to have been responsible for the betrayal and presumed torture and death of a network of agents in a way thats never been proved of Blunt. It was a mystery. Now, in an attempt to impose some order on my own understanding of my grandfather, to clarify the kaleidoscopic image of him which has formed in my mind, I have returned for the first time as an adult to the country where, in political exile, he lived out the last 25 years of his life. Laying flowers at my grandfather's grave. On their first night in Moscow, an elated Burgess and Maclean had dined in style on a great hotel balcony on the first floor overlooking the Kremlin and got drunk on vodka. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philbys eye. Offer valid until May 1, 2018. The two men in the front seat my guards of honour peer out in silence, squinting their eyes against the sunlight as it pours in through the canopy of trees above. While I was researching this article, Bennett also the author of An Englishman Abroad, in which he imagines Guy Burgesss final years in Moscow: lonely, pathetic and wholly unfulfilled responded to a shorter opinion piece I wrote for this paper last July in which I defended my grandfathers decision not to apologise publicly for his actions. Maclean seemed totally at one with Soviet ways and believed to his death that the USSR and its new society has a much better prospect than the old of overcoming the major ills and injustices of our civilisation. As the icy breeze hits our cheeks, he points towards a raised tomb set forward slightly from the rest: Yeltsins mama, he explains. The comments below have not been moderated. Opposites attracted. He would say we and our when speaking of the Soviet Union and defended his adopted countrys brutal crushing of the Hungarian Uprising in 1956 an event that disgusted many Left-wing supporters back in the UK. Yesterday, in our serialisation of an electrifying biography based on newly released papers, we heard how he fled to Moscow just as he was about to be arrested leaving behind his supposedly innocent wife. Some could never quite come to terms that he was a traitor. She flirted with other men and had affairs. John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s. Anthony Blunt referred to her as the grandmother of the Cambridge spies. According to a recent piece in the Daily Telegraph: For years Philby had sabotaged Allied missions behind the Iron Curtain and had calculatedly sent dozens of agents to their deaths. Most famously, he was almost certainly responsible for the tip-off which led to the deaths of the first British-sponsored Albanians who parachuted in to remove Enver Hoxhas Communist regime. Kim Philbys oldest son, has penned an extensive account of her memories of her grandfather. The boys told a child they met on a beach that the photos he had taken could not be forwarded to them as we are going away and we dont know where we are going. This article was amended on 31 March. When Bennett was pulled up on the matter, he wrote my father a note explaining that he stood by what hed said as the information had come from a reliable source a BBC journalist. Ive recorded a podcast with the BBC that will be announced later this year, and my husband and I have bought an old pub that we want to turn into a creative space to make available to charities and people who wouldnt otherwise have access to that, so thats an ongoing project. Did you feel that as you uncovered her story?I feel a huge amount of sympathy for her situation, and admiration, really. But he also did it to impress her. ", His habit was fuelled by his sorrow over what he saw around him, she added. But I dont think my grandfather ever questioned a single decision he made. There, a tall man in a blue suit and red bow-tie held out his hand and said: I am Donald Maclean. With him in the room was Guy Burgess. n ADAPTED from A Spy Named Orphan by Roland Philipps, to be published by The Bodley Head on April 26 at 20. She cashed a substantial cheque, bought her toddler daughter some new clothes and settled an outstanding garage bill. Two years later, a Sunday Times correspondent was in Moscow and about to pack his bags after an unsuccessful attempt to interview the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, when, out of the blue, he was invited to a room in his hotel. "Kim" Philby's oldest son, has penned an extensive account of her memories of her grandfather. They even had a dacha a country cottage 20 miles from Moscow where the children could swim, fish, bicycle and forage for mushrooms. He barely embraced his wife. What are you currently reading?Im trying to reconnect with what made me fall in love with books and the process of writing so Im going back to reread some of the books that feel seminal for me: The Beach, The Child in Time, White Teeth, Disgrace, The Poisonwood Bible and The Peoples Act of Love. because he "didn't want his children, who were used to life of freedom, to suffer life of oppression". She was incredibly brave, incredibly loyal; she was completely faithful to the things she loved and believed in, and she had a firm belief that she had to do the right thing. She and her late father, the spy's eldest son, John, both had to live with continuing speculation about the motivation for Philby's treachery. In her article, published yesterday in British daily The Independent, she describes Kim Philby as "a proud man, and one who chose to publicly stand by his actions". Kim Philby met his first wife the Jewess, Litzi Friedman in Vienna, and it was Friedman, a dyed-in-the-wool communist, who convinced Philby to become a fellow KGB . The central post office, where Kim would come every morning to pick up his mail and a stack of British and American newspapers, stands halfway up on the left. 1933Leaves Cambridge a convinced Communist. Im reminded of a brief phone conversation I had earlier this morning with one of Kims old KGB comrades, whom Id been in contact with during the course of my research for this article, who told me that a gang of five or six of Kims former colleagues still meet up every month and raise a toast in his honour. In the capital, he became a magazine correspondent, then a teacher and analyst in a research institute for foreign and economic affairs. Philby died in the city in 1988, 25 years after defecting to the Soviet Union, where he was employed as an occasional consultant to the KGB helping to prepare spies for missions to the west. Two years later he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Find out where Kim Philby was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts. "I tried everything to save him; after all, he was killing himself. Meets Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean, Anthony Blunt and John Cairncross. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby (1 January 1912 - 11 May 1988) was a British intelligence officer who worked as a spy for the Soviet Union, before defecting in 1963. Perhaps its too early to judge; after all, Communism, according to its followers, is the final epoch, inevitable only once all other systems have eaten themselves which, of course, they will. 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