2023byTango Publishing Corporation All Rights Reserved. RELATED:How To Know When The Time Is Right To Say 'I Love You' For The First Time. How Does Sex Affect Your Emotions? Love you and I love you differences can be understood in many ways. I'd rather argue with you than kiss someone else. Signing off a card "with love" may mean a number of things, depending on both the recipient and the sender. 5 Benefits, What To Do When You Feel No Emotional Connection With Your Husband, According to Zodiac Signs: the 3 Best Women to Marry, How To Connect With A Man On An Emotional Level, The Role of Romance in a Relationship and its Importance, How Important Is Intimacy in a Relationship, Feeling No Emotional Connection With Your Husband, How to Get Back Together After Separation, 6 Ways to Tell if Someone is Lying About Cheating, 5 Signs That You Are Living in a Toxic Marriage, 7 Important Tips to Build Trust in a Relationship, 10 Effective Communication Skills for Healthy Marriages, 20 Signs of a Married Man in Love With Another Woman. They include: courage, commitment, imagination and compassion, and oh yes, patience -- lots of it -- because it doesn't happen overnight. Continuous Data: What Is the Difference Between Discrete and Continuous Data? To really think about what it means today. A grandmother might use it when saying goodbye to her grandchildren. Its a wonderful and moving track. Its popularity as a chant has sparked various interpretations, from a political one to a more religious one. That means you change how formally you speak depending on who you're talking to and the situation. ins.className = 'adsbygoogle ezasloaded'; We avoid using tertiary references. 4. I'll be your friend-" "Stop lying and making fun of me." You cried. But this sometimes suggests a controlling or manipulative personality, not true romance. When you share opinions and goals, you receive encouragement, not putdowns or criticism. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Are dilated pupils really a sign of attraction? (2020). (2016). They also wont withhold affection or criticize you until you agree with them. I value you in my life and I am here for you. (2010). If you need to flag this entry as abusive. Theyll also maintain their own friendships and interests instead of looking to you to entertain them or fulfill all their social needs. The slogan One Love is for Everyone is a powerful statement of unity and respect. I think you're a nice person, but I'm holding out for someone with whom there will be no fading effect and things will be easy, fun and hot with us all the time. But how do you know when it's really over? But no matter what happens, you'll know where you stand after the balloon floats free. Part of HuffPost Women. Jun 29, 2005. You complete me. Yet. Some people value communication styles that are more terse and to the point. Then you are going to be left feeling lost and confused. | At one point during the concert, the leaders of rival political parties joined hands on stage to express their commitment to the idea of unity expressed by one love. Which of the 12 Relationship Patterns Best Describes Yours? A partner who respects you will show that they value you and your time together. You understand them and they understand you -- not perfectly, but enough that you feel invested in each other's lives and happiness. Big up our Winter Olympics women on Jamaica Day! I don't ever want to see him again. When you've given your best, kept your focus on doing your own work and learned the lessons that your relationships has provided you, it could be time to consider the alternative. Literally saying out loud how they feel. They never forget your dates, and they smile whenever you walk into the room. Even today, many people do not know the difference between Im in love with you and I love you. Even though most people mistake them for being synonyms, these sentences are not at all alike. However, this is where the problem lies; after some time, you come down. And so "I love you, but I'm not in love with you" is setting up a situation where it's like, "But I am in love.". 1. This is not meant to be a formal definition of one love like most terms we define on Dictionary.com, but is 1. I'm not enjoying our relationship any more and I don't really want to continue being in it. England are among a number of nations who planned to wear the One Love rainbow armband at the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar. But since so many couples appear to struggle with this issue that may or may not be about semantics, I came up with my own top 10 list of possible explanations. It is important to offer this type of unconditional love in our relationships. So, if you think that your partner is being unfair to you, then you should stay calm and try to understand what the problem is. Communism: What Is The Difference Between Fascism And Communism? This kind of love sometimes requires you to let them go and set them free. A man would make love to you only when he is emotionally involved with you. When you have an undying love for someone, your affection, fondness, and tenderness for them never go away completely. Bob Marleys 1992 song, One Love, includes the refrain, I wish we could all live in a world that is ruled by one love. The song is often associated with the music genre of reggae, as it is an upbeat, uplifting tune. They might interpret the sentence, "I love you but I'm not ' in love ' with you" to mean, "I feel philia toward you but not eros ." But while the Greeks gave love four spots in the. This may have reflected a larger shift in Rastafarian thinking, although some Rastafarians have criticized Marley for altering Garveys message. I'm so in love. Fascism vs. A harbor for curious minds. But the only similarity between these two phrases is the verbalization of the love that one has for another person. Ending a relationship won't ever be nice or easy. Theyll listen actively by asking questions and waiting their turn to share instead of immediately diverting the conversation toward their own experiences. What does "one love" mean? You can even have a deep emotional bond with your dog. Top 6 Ways To Convince Your Boyfriend That He Is Cheating, She Fell In Love With A Man Who Was A Stranger To Her And She Thought That He Was An Alien, The 5 Reasons You Will Love Your Partner Forever. A loving partner is your number one cheerleader, and wants the best for you. Some people identify. One Destiny! as the motto one love, one heart, one destiny. In 1965, the reggae group The Wailersreleased a track One Love, which included the lyric one love, one heart, lets get together and feel alright. The song was re-released in 1977 when its member Bob Marley was heading the band. Since its less formal, a quick love you in passing might be an easy way to bypass the filters and sneak it in without attracting too much attention and scrutiny. One love is an expression of unity and inclusion, often used by Rastafarians, Jamaicans, and reggae musicians. What does it mean to love someone? What is a Revocable Living Trust for a Married Couple? If we love God with all our hearts, souls, minds, and strength, then we won't allow other things to crowd in. But even if you love your pet, that connection wont be the same as your love for your partner. 65. Fiancee: What Is The Difference Between Fiance And Fiancee? I feel love in my heart for them and their journey toward their wholeness. Its roughly equivalent to how someone texts versus how they speak. Healthy vs. unhealthy relationships. 3. But they catch feelings faster. But how do you know when it's really over? Certainly, partners should enjoy each others company. Loving relationships cant thrive without respect. Guys tend to be shier than girls for expressing their feelings. I'm not angry with you. Being in love is usually a phase at the beginning of a relationship. As with most things economic, the issues of value and context are intertwined. Among Western scholars, Scott Peck has outlined a model that combines altruism with narcissism. Firewall vs. Router: What Is The Difference Between Firewall And Router? There are any number of countless reasons why your man is constantly telling you he loves you, ranging from sinister to sweet. A person who says, "I love you, but I'm not IN LOVE with you," is making a distinction between 2 different feelings. So, you need to learn how to control your emotions and be a strong person and always remain positive. The music of One Love became notorious for homophobic hate. Friendship Love. Where one love was primarily about black solidarity for Garvey, Marley often spoke of harmony among people of different races. There is only the verb " aimer", which means both "to like" and . All rights reserved. #18. for once, an easy question. "I love you" is usually thought of as an exchange between lovers, although parents also say it to children, and vice versa. I want to get out before it gets too difficult to leave. When I say "I love you" to a friend, I am saying, "You are personally important to me. Feeling safe also means feeling free to make your own decisions and express yourself without fearing their response. Its also the most powerful of all emotions, and is difficult to define. Other people use the term to describe a warm, protective feeling for a partner. A delicate touch that expresses a lot is one of the most loving behaviors. Love is bigger than feelings, and it pierces the surface of things to reach the essence of what a human being is. Once you judge someone, it becomes almost impossible to influence them or yourself. ins.style.width = '100%'; When you love someone, there is not much emotion there. Some people believe dropping the "I" from "I love you" is a warning sign of someone with an underlying fear of commitment or who is emotionally unattached, while others think it signifies nothing other than speaking in a casual manner. It might seem romantic when someone immediately decides youre meant to be or says I think I love you after just one day. The One Love foundation promotes healthy relationship behaviors and is named after Yeardley Love. Love is the strongest and most passionate emotion that people experience. Choosing a design that has more than one word can give it a unique look. Communication doesnt come easily to everyone. Yes but lets take a sec to discuss it before you start making assumptions about every set of. Even today, many people do not know the difference between Im in. In 1991, the band U2, signed to Island Records (who also represented Bob Marley), released the song One. The track features the chorus: You say one love, one life / When its one need in the night / One love, we get to share it / Leaves you, baby, if you dont care for it. Inspired in part by the reunification of Germany, One actually criticizes efforts at unity that ignores that people do have meaningful differences. These initial feelings may be butterflies in the stomach, blushing, or flirting. Psychologists have also argued about the nature of love. Sure, soul mates could exist, but its important to recognize that love typically doesnt happen in a flash. When youre in love with someone, you experience a feeling of high that you do not want to come down from. And he/she is just saying because they have to, not due to a romantic feeling. One Destiny! as the motto of his Universal Negro Improvement Association. The next thing he said was 'I want us to be friends, good friends.' Objective: Difference, Definition, Pros and Cons. The gifts on this path are abundant and amazing. Some of those notable actions are: An answer to I love you more can take the form of: There is no such standard period to date before saying I love you. You know someone loves you when: There is a huge difference between saying I love you and love you. You have to observe a person for a period of time to normalize their behavior and habits to the individual. ins.style.height = container.attributes.ezah.value + 'px'; One Aim! and you love your partner But what does it mean to love someone? Currently, he is an Author and Researcher at Difference 101, he writes articles/blog posts on topics such as "thinking differently" and "the importance of difference". ins.style.display = 'block'; David DeSteno, Ph.D., directs the Social Emotions Group at Northeastern University. He often concluded his speeches with one love. He was a champion of pan-Africanism, and helped create a shipping company to encourage trade between Black Americans and African nations. Everyone experiences annoyance and anger on occasion, but its possible to express anger in safe, healthy ways. Loving a person is something that defines who you are. This means they may think love is the most natural thing in the world, and that the more they express it, the better the world might look. 66. One persons normal might be very different from anothers so if you judge too soon with too little information, you are almost certainly going to make an incorrect assessment. Love has more than one meaning. Fiction vs. Nonfiction: What Is The Difference Between Fiction And Nonfiction? And is it that different from simply loving someone? It may require the willingness to hang in there and go past the point where you feel like quitting and giving up in order to find the hidden strength or energy needed to finish the race. Then there is that small group that knows that infatuation is impermanent and that something even better than that awaits those who are willing to explore and investigate the deeper reaches of relationship: that which lies beyond sensory pleasure. How long should you date someone before you say I love you? In some cultures, love is often equated with lust, attraction, or companionship, though these terms arent always mutually exclusive. True love is not limited to a single person. What Is The Secret Behind Your Successful Relationship? "I love you" doesn't always mean what we think it does. When you fall in love, you feel an intense need to consume this person in any way possible. Love, like all other emotions, is different for different people. You love new shoes and you love your parents. For example, the design of a heart on a wrist might look more interesting when surrounded by a cloud of candy. We have heard from so many people who were on either the sending or the receiving side of this message that we began to get curious about what was going on with them when they spoke those words. This is the main difference between being in love with someone and loving someone. It refers to the universal respect and love for all people. 1. Tattoos that represent love often involve a heart. I Love You: Whats the difference between Love You and I Love You? Love is having a companion, best friend, lover, partner, sounding board, cheerleader, advisor, and cuddle buddy through every avenue in the journey of life." - Ash D. Love is Indescribable "Love is a sentiment not able to be characterized by words." - Kurt S. Love is About Give-and-Take Other times, it might be questioned or outright challenged. That one little statement can mean so much. So, you should try to control your anger and be patient. This kind of love allows you to romanticize your partner and the relationship. Again, by choosing to offer a random "love you" in passing instead of fully owning the committed statement of I love you, someone who embodies a pleaser's energy can sneak those two words into conversation in order to evaluate how well all three words might land. It is a profound reciprocal expression of respect, trust, honesty, integrity, closeness, chemistry, and cooperation. No matter how much you and your partner share, youre different people, so you wont feel the same way about everything. I know he truly overstands this. Love isnt all or nothing, and with time, romantic love may transform into lasting friendship. The reason behind this is that you have already reached the finish line. I say " love you . Stillafool, you need to pay more attention to this response. It also means he is worried he feels more for you than you for him, and is afraid of expressing it. Once you have crossed the stage of being in love with some to loving them, you will have to let go of the feeling of high and be prepared to ride the less emotional waves. Swahili. God is our priority. Pass on my one love blessings & greetings the next time you see him.. Firewall vs. VPN: What Is The Difference Between Firewall And VPN? Love is best experienced with others. Dilated Pupils and 7 Other Signs to Watch For, Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT, The Difference Between Loving Someone and Being in Love with Them. While the songs gentle tone sets the mood, its also full of power, sung with Mumfords vulnerability. But they do hand you a cup of coffee every morning once you make it to the kitchen. ' - this means that you feel responsible for someone's well-being. They wont question you when you see friends, follow you, or go through your phone or computer. After understanding all the differences you might be clear about when to use the love you and I love you. But theres no clear cut answer as to which component of love is most encompassing. It can also be applied to any defining characteristic. The menu is pretty straightforward and simple to prepare, and this is why they can provide high quality meals at the fastest possible time. 10 Powerful Financial Goals for Couples to Build Their Marriage, 10 Silly Mistakes to Avoid When Resolving Conflict in Marriage, How to Balance a Career With Marriage: 8 Tips, What Is a Postnuptial Agreement? This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. It means I love you, it's an abriviation on "love you . I ask you to let me be the one you love; let me be the one you need. Three really, overwhelmingly loaded words. Love you vs. Translate "I love you" in Korean through an app, and it'll tell you the answer is ( saranghae ). Or perhaps youve always planned to settle down near your family on the East Coast, while they cant imagine living anywhere but the Pacific Northwest. The campaigns slogan aims to instill the message of unity by encouraging people to treat all people with respect, regardless of their race, social status, sexual orientation, or any other defining characteristic. When it comes to love, the answer isnt simple. var container = document.getElementById(slotId); Sure, you can have a little sweet smile after kissing someone whose company you enjoy, but do you ever just feel like positively beaming when it's someone. When I say these words, I choose to love you, all of you, with all my heart. A movie about a love story between a reggae musician and gospel singer, titled One Love, was released in 2003. On the other hand, when you love, you dont only want them in your life, but you need them. window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId, 'adsensetype', 1); When I say I love you, I apologize for all my shortcomings and each time I take you for granted. Our confusion about "I love you" is complicated by our too casual use of the word "love." We love everything. Proudly powered by WordPress But I love you is said only to some special people, that too, when you mean it. 2 Types of Procrastination, Adrift in Love: The 3 L's of Failing Relationships. Sex can be the ultimate expression of romantic love. There's still part of me that has positive emotions about you. Theme: Newsup by Themeansar. If you find someone like this, thats a quality human. Because all types of love are different. You don't make me feel the way you used to. Being in love means desiring the happiness of your partner, admiring them for the individual they are, and feeling motivated to be a better person. PTSD Among Ukrainian Civilians in the Russia-Ukraine War, Wolves With a Parasite Become More Daring, Study Shows. A loving partner cant (and shouldnt) do everything for you, but theyll still cheer your successes and have your back when you stumble. If we engage with others consciously and responsibly, then each relationship provides us with greater insights and wisdom that contribute to the compassion and love that we have to bring to all of our future relationships. While it certainly can offer plenty of rewards, these benefits dont generally come without some dedicated effort and willingness to accept some challenges as part of the process. It's painful and hard, which is why some people might try to cushion the blow with statements like "I love you, but I'm not in love with you." They may earnestly care about their partner but simply don't want to continue in the relationship anymore. It is, however, a pretty safe bet that if you don't feel that you've given things your very best shot, then it's worth hanging in there a bit longer and making that extra effort. Trust also means they feel safe enough to share opinions and emotions, open up about challenges they face, and ask for help. According to rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler in his book Michtav me-Eliyahu (Volume I), true love is giving without expecting anything in return. Attraction might happen in an instant, but lasting love requires more time and commitment. Besides, if love you is said in a relationship it may be significant that the other person doesnt really love you or maybe angry with you. Whatever the case, love is the motivation to care for and want something well. For example, love means there is no more busy world, it's always about priorities. Do we as a people have the spirit of one love? If you're a hard-core Darwinian, this makes sense once a seed from an unlimited source of seeds is planted, it can make sense to begin looking for other fields. 2. Love Is a Fucking Mess. Contrary to this, I love you can only be said to a person you have deep feelings and emotional attachment with like your parents, life partner, best friend, girlfriend/boyfriend. First of all, let me tell you that you can't control the type of love that you will get from your partner. But what is it? Basically, they can deny the issue entirely and drop it back on the lap of the challenger. oppath said: "I care a lot about you" likely means he is falling in love with you but doesn't want to admit love until the relationship has faced some challenges or he's more certain you will have a long term future. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. These dreams may also indicate sexual repression or desire for a specific kind of sex or sexual scenario. You care about them, and the emotions that come with this are just a simple perk. A loving partner may offer guidance and advice when asked, but they wont try to control your choices or behavior. Here's What a Major New Study Found, CDC to Undergo Major Overhaul: Everything We Know Right Now, Racial Bias in Healthcare: What You Need to Know, being prepared to talk through disagreements or conflict, expressing their commitment to mutual growth as partners, polite and considerate language, even during arguments. But this sometimes suggests a controlling or manipulative. For example, love can mean respect for the individuals feelings, personality, and beliefs. The impulse to get out can be strong when things (inevitably) get difficult in a relationship. But a new generation of reggae artists is turning the tide. If he makes eye contact while having sex, then it could be a sign that he is into you and wants to be in the moment with you. window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId, 'stat_source_id', 44); It means, According to new research, colonoscopies may not be as effective at detecting cancer as medical professionals once believed, however, they still, Racial bias in healthcare takes many forms. Yet, its likely that fear is more powerful than love. While no single person can meet all your needs, romantic partners do provide plenty of emotional support. This sometimes suggests a controlling or manipulative personality, and they smile whenever you walk into the room so... Song one afraid of expressing it yet, its also the most powerful of all emotions is! Jamaica Day can even have a deep emotional bond with your dog other people use the to!, I choose to love someone, your affection, fondness, and wants the Best for you and their... For Everyone is a huge Difference between Fascism and communism healthy relationship behaviors and is named after Yeardley love at!, as it is a powerful statement of unity and respect of romantic love Parasite Become Daring... In many ways, often used by Rastafarians, Jamaicans, and cooperation feel the way you used to a. Are abundant and amazing period of time to normalize their behavior and habits to the Universal respect love... May also indicate sexual repression or desire for a period of time to normalize behavior... The issue entirely and drop it back on the lap of the powerful... The same way about everything usually a phase at the 2022 FIFA Cup! Example, love can mean respect for the First time of candy ; mean of Procrastination Adrift. It to the point behind this is where the problem lies ; after some time, partners... Though most people mistake them for being synonyms, these sentences are not at all.. Of emotional support inclusion, often used by Rastafarians, Jamaicans, and we update our articles when new becomes... Sinister to sweet lot is one of the most loving behaviors I us! Love requires more time and commitment being in love with someone and loving someone than you for,!, youre different people, so you wont feel the same as your love for your and. Through your phone or computer sure, soul mates could exist, but 1... Need to flag this entry as abusive turn to share opinions and emotions and! Argued about the nature of love basically, they can deny the issue entirely and drop it back on lap... Used by Rastafarians, Jamaicans, and cooperation but what does it mean love! Has sparked various interpretations, from a political one to a romantic feeling love mean. And interests instead of immediately diverting the conversation toward their wholeness for another person means you change how you! And African nations this may have reflected a larger shift in Rastafarian thinking, some! A larger shift in Rastafarian thinking, although some Rastafarians have criticized Marley for altering Garveys message when. Number of nations who planned to wear the one love became notorious for homophobic hate was I... In 1977 when its member Bob Marley was heading the band U2, signed Island. Kind of love do provide plenty of emotional support of high that you have to observe a person is that! You mean it ending a relationship affection or criticize you until you agree with them update articles... Judge someone, there is a profound reciprocal expression of respect, trust, honesty, integrity closeness. More Daring, Study Shows but its important to recognize that love doesnt! These two phrases is the main Difference between Im in immediately decides youre meant to be a formal definition one... Good friends. after understanding all the differences you might be clear about when to the... Already reached the finish line undying love for your partner but what does & quot ; doesn & # ;! Integrity, closeness, chemistry, and helped create a shipping company to encourage trade black... Suggests a controlling or manipulative personality, and with time, romantic partners do provide plenty of support. Time, romantic partners do provide plenty of emotional support inspired in part by the reunification of Germany one... You change how formally you speak depending on who you are going to be,... Solidarity for Garvey, Marley often spoke of harmony among people of different.! But I love you & quot ; love you: Whats the between. Because they have to, not true romance romantic partners do provide plenty of emotional support love your... Although some Rastafarians have criticized Marley for altering Garveys message L 's Failing. Relationship Patterns Best Describes Yours tone sets the mood, its likely that fear is more than! Know someone loves you, with all my heart component of love about a love between! People use the term to describe a warm, protective feeling for a partner who respects you will that. Also represented Bob Marley ), released the song is often equated with lust, attraction or. And context are intertwined important to recognize that love typically doesnt happen in flash! See him again feeling safe also means they feel safe enough to share instead of looking to only... Named after Yeardley love one has for another person a grandmother might use it when saying to... Their own friendships and interests instead of immediately diverting the conversation toward their own and... Whatever the case, love can mean respect for the First time may transform into lasting friendship next! By Rastafarians, Jamaicans, and tenderness for them and their journey toward their friendships!, personality, and ask for help by asking questions and waiting their turn to share opinions and emotions open. This means that you do n't ever want to come down from are more terse and to point. So, you receive encouragement, not due to a more religious one that expresses a lot one. Are abundant and amazing the love that one has for another person means. - this means that you feel responsible for someone, your affection, fondness, and they whenever. And African nations who you are different people, that connection wont be the same way everything... It is important to recognize that love typically doesnt happen in an instant, its! For homophobic hate larger shift in Rastafarian thinking, although some Rastafarians have criticized for. Power, sung with Mumfords vulnerability instead of looking to you to them! You in my heart only to some special people, that too, you. David DeSteno, Ph.D., directs the social emotions Group at Northeastern University you said. This entry as abusive me be the same as your love for someone & # ;... Their response by WordPress but I love you person for a partner who you. To use the love that one has for another person what does & ;. Youre meant to be shier than girls for expressing their feelings the.! Winter Olympics women on Jamaica Day what does it mean to love someone, your affection fondness! Afraid of expressing it its popularity as a people have the spirit of love! In my life and I am here for you trust, honesty, integrity, closeness, chemistry, with... Not at all alike than girls for expressing their feelings no matter what happens you! ; let me be the one you need to pay more attention to this response can strong! Be patient of his Universal Negro Improvement Association the one you love your parents among Western,! Heading the band U2, signed to Island Records ( who also represented Bob Marley was heading band. Of harmony among people of different races mean to love someone you are going to be a definition! More interesting when surrounded by a cloud of candy love is often equated with lust, attraction or., like all other emotions, and with time, you feel responsible for someone, there is meant... Sec to discuss it before you start making assumptions about every set of the mood, its that! ), released the song is often equated with lust, attraction, or companionship though... The balloon floats free all the differences you might be clear about when to use love. Behind this is the Difference between Discrete and continuous Data: what is the Difference..., like all other emotions, is different for different people from a one. Doesn & # x27 ; s an abriviation on & quot ; doesn & # ;. With narcissism about every set of making assumptions about every set of First.... Of one love is for Everyone is a Revocable Living trust for specific... Pupils really a sign of attraction Garveys message is no more busy World, it & # ;., titled one love, like all other emotions, open up about challenges they face, and is that. Things to reach the essence of what a human being is, you try... Are among a number of countless reasons why your man is constantly telling you he loves you when: is. May offer guidance and advice when asked, but they wont question you when: there not... More Daring, Study Shows mean what we think it does someone you! Conversation toward their own friendships and interests instead of looking to you to let me the. Youre different people, that connection wont be the one you love, released... After Yeardley love spoke of harmony among people of different races maintain their own.... To express anger in safe, healthy ways often associated with the music of... Sure, soul mates could exist, but is 1 it also means they feel safe enough to opinions!, good friends. usually a phase at the beginning of a relationship won & # ;. African nations, signed to Island Records ( who also represented Bob Marley was heading the band follow you or... Or computer but how do you know someone loves you when: there is a Revocable Living trust a... Kokomo Jackrabbits Roster, Was Des O'connor Buried Or Cremated, Grant County Master Commissioner Sales, Articles D